-
1 Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma
[br]b. 30 July 1889 Mourum (near Moscow), Russiad. 29 July 1982 New York City, New York, USA[br]Russian (naturalized American 1924) television pioneer who invented the iconoscope and kinescope television camera and display tubes.[br]Zworykin studied engineering at the Institute of Technology in St Petersburg under Boris Rosing, assisting the latter with his early experiments with television. After graduating in 1912, he spent a time doing X-ray research at the Collège de France in Paris before returning to join the Russian Marconi Company, initially in St Petersburg and then in Moscow. On the outbreak of war in 1917, he joined the Russian Army Signal Corps, but when the war ended in the chaos of the Revolution he set off on his travels, ending up in the USA, where he joined the Westinghouse Corporation. There, in 1923, he filed the first of many patents for a complete system of electronic television, including one for an all-electronic scanning pick-up tube that he called the iconoscope. In 1924 he became a US citizen and invented the kinescope, a hard-vacuum cathode ray tube (CRT) for the display of television pictures, and the following year he patented a camera tube with a mosaic of photoelectric elements and gave a demonstration of still-picture TV. In 1926 he was awarded a PhD by the University of Pittsburgh and in 1928 he was granted a patent for a colour TV system.In 1929 he embarked on a tour of Europe to study TV developments; on his return he joined the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) as Director of the Electronics Research Group, first at Camden and then Princeton, New Jersey. Securing a budget to develop an improved CRT picture tube, he soon produced a kinescope with a hard vacuum, an indirectly heated cathode, a signal-modulation grid and electrostatic focusing. In 1933 an improved iconoscope camera tube was produced, and under his direction RCA went on to produce other improved types of camera tube, including the image iconoscope, the orthicon and image orthicon and the vidicon. The secondary-emission effect used in many of these tubes was also used in a scintillation radiation counter. In 1941 he was responsible for the development of the first industrial electron microscope, but for most of the Second World War he directed work concerned with radar, aircraft fire-control and TV-guided missiles.After the war he worked for a time on high-speed memories and medical electronics, becoming Vice-President and Technical Consultant in 1947. He "retired" from RCA and was made an honorary vice-president in 1954, but he retained an office and continued to work there almost up until his death; he also served as Director of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research from 1954 until 1962.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsZworykin received some twenty-seven awards and honours for his contributions to television engineering and medical electronics, including the Institution of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1965; US Medal of Science 1966; and the US National Hall of Fame 1977.Bibliography29 December 1923, US patent no. 2,141, 059 (the original iconoscope patent; finally granted in December 1938!).13 July 1925, US patent no. 1,691, 324 (colour television system).1930, with D.E.Wilson, Photocells and Their Applications, New York: Wiley. 1934, "The iconoscope. A modern version of the electric eye". Proceedings of theInstitute of Radio Engineers 22:16.1946, Electron Optics and the Electron Microscope.1940, with G.A.Morton, Television; revised 1954.1949, with E.G.Ramberg, Photoelectricity and Its Applications. 1958, Television in Science and Industry.Further ReadingJ.H.Udelson, 1982, The Great Television Race: History of the Television Industry 1925– 41: University of Alabama Press.KFBiographical history of technology > Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma
-
2 Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma
Инженер. Изобретатель телевидения. Американец русского происхождения. В США с 1919. Работал в исследовательском отделе компании "Вестингауз электрик" [ Westinghouse Electric Company] в г. Питтсбурге. С 1929 сотрудник фирмы "Рэдио корпорейшн ов Америка" [ Radio Corporation of America], возглавлял ее лабораторию электроники. В 1929 запатентовал кинескоп для телевизионного приемника, в 1931 первый иконоскоп - электронно-лучевую трубку для телевизионного передатчика; автор многих других изобретений и усовершенствований, в том числе в области цветного телевидения. Известен как "отец телевидения". Получил большое число различных наград; Национальная медаль за научные заслуги [National Medal of Science] была вручена ему в 1967 президентом Л. Джонсоном [ Johnson, Lyndon Baines (LBJ)]. Автор ряда трудов: "Электронная оптика и электронный микроскоп" ["Electron Optics and the Electron Microscope"] (1945), "Фотоэлектричество и его применения" ["Photoelectricity and Its Applications"] (1949) и "Телевидение в науке и промышленности" ["Television in Science and Industry"] (1958). В 1977 избран в Национальную галерею славы изобретателей [National Inventors Hall of Fame]English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma
-
3 Century of Progress Exposition, Chicago's
Чикагская выставка "Век прогресса"Выставка 1933 в честь столетия города. Основной темой было развитие науки и техники, а также стимулирование развития дизайна и архитектуры. Павильоны выставки были впервые оснащены кондиционерами [ air conditioning]; впервые демонстрировался телевизор В. Зворыкина [ Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma].English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Century of Progress Exposition, Chicago's
-
4 National Broadcasting Company
сокр NBC"Нэшнл бродкастинг компани" (Эн-би-си)Национальная радиотелевизионная сеть [network], отделение корпорации "Рэдио корпорейшн ов Америка" (Ар-си-эй) [ Radio Corporation of America]. Одна из трех крупнейших вещательных корпораций в США. Создана в 1926, когда одновременно началось вещание в США ее 25 радиостанций. С 1939 начала регулярные телевизионные передачи, а уже в 1951 ее телесеть охватывала всю территорию страны. В 1943 на базе отделения Эн-би-си "Блу нетуорк" [ Blue Network] была создана еще одна национальная телекомпания - Эй-би-си [ American Broadcasting Company]. С 1953 ведет передачи цветного телевидения. В состав компании входят телесеть и сеть радиостанций, а также записывающие студии, которые готовят программы как для своей сети, так и на коммерческой основе для других компаний. Правление компании в г. Нью-Йорке.English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > National Broadcasting Company
-
5 Radio Corporation of America
сокр RCA; ист"Рэдио корпорейшн ов Америка" (Ар-си-эй)Радиотелевизионная корпорация, была независимой акционерной компанией до 1986, когда она влилась в корпорацию "Дженерал электрик" [ General Electric Co.]. Основана в 1919; сыграла видную роль в развитии радио- и телевещания (вместе со своей дочерней радио- и телесетью Эн-би-си [ NBC]), а также в разработке аппаратуры для вещания и грамзаписи (дочерняя фирма "Ар-си-эй Виктор" [RCA Victor, His Master's Voice]). В научно-исследовательском отделении корпорации (Исследовательский центр Д. Сарнова [David Sarnoff Research Center] в Принстоне) в лаборатории В. Зворыкина [ Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma] родилось телевидение и телевещание. Корпорация оставила заметный след в развитии радиосвязи в США и во всем мире.см тж RCA Global CommunicationsEnglish-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Radio Corporation of America
-
6 Broadcasting
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br] -
7 Electronics and information technology
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Byron, Ada AugustaNapier, JohnRiche, Gaspard-Clair-François-MarieSchickhard, WilhelmBiographical history of technology > Electronics and information technology
-
8 Jenkins, Charles Francis
[br]b. 1867 USAd. 1934 USA[br]American pioneer of motion pictures and television.[br]During the early years of the motion picture industry, Jenkins made many innovations, including the development in 1894 of his own projector, the "Phantoscope", which was widely used for a number of years. In the same year he also suggested the possibility of electrically transmitting pictures over a distance, an interest that led to a lifetime of experimentation. As a result of his engineering contributions to the practical realization of moving pictures, in 1915 the National Motion Picture Board of Trade asked him to chair a committee charged with establishing technical standards for the industry. This in turn led to his proposing the creation of a professional society for those engineers in the industry, and the following year the Society of Motion Picture Engineers (later to become the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) was formed, with Jenkins as its first President. Soon after this he began experiments with mechanical television, using both the Nipkow hole-spiral disc and a low-definition system of his own, based on rotating bevelled glass discs (his so-called "prismatic rings") and alkali-metal photocells. In the 1920s he gave many demonstrations of mechanical television, including a cable transmission of a crude silhouette of President Harding from Washington, DC, to Philadelphia in 1923 and a radio broadcast from Washington in 1928. The following year he formed the Jenkins Television Company to make television transmitters and receivers, but it soon went into debt and was acquired by the de Forest Company, from whom RCA later purchased the patents.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFirst President, Society of Motion Picture Engineers 1916.Bibliography1923, "Radio photographs, radio movies and radio vision", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 16:78.1923, "Recent progress in the transmission of motion pictures by radio", Transactions ofthe Society of Motion Picture Engineers 17:81.1925, "Radio movies", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 21:7. 1930, "Television systems", Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 15:445. 1925. Vision by Radio.Further ReadingJ.H.Udelson, 1982, The Great Television Race: A History of the American Television Industry, 1925–41: University of Alabama Press.R.W.Hubbell, 1946, 4,000 Years of Television, London: G.Harrap \& Sons.1926. "The Jenkins system", Wireless World 18: 642 (contains a specific account of Jenkins's work).KFBiographical history of technology > Jenkins, Charles Francis
-
9 Rosing, Boris
[br]fl. c. 1907 St Petersburg, Russia[br]Russian scientist who made early experiments in television.[br]In 1907, while Professor at St Petersburg Technological Institute, Rosing proposed the use of the Braun tube as a television display in conjunction with a photoelectric cell and double mirrordrum scanning system as a pick-up device. Four years later he was apparently able to transmit faint and very crude static pictures.[br]Bibliography1907, British patent no. 27,570.Further ReadingC.J.Hylander \& R Harding, 1941, An Introduction to Television.R.W.Hubbell, 1946, 4,000 Years of Television, London: G.Harrap \& Sons.See also: Baird, John Logie; Ives, Herbert Eugene; Jenkins, Charles Francis; Zworykin, Vladimir KosmaKF -
10 Sarnoff, David
[br]b. 27 February 1891 Uzlian, Minsk (now in Belarus)d. 12 December 1971 New York City, New York, USA[br]Russian/American engineer who made a major contribution to the commercial development of radio and television.[br]As a Jewish boy in Russia, Sarnoff spent several years preparing to be a Talmudic Scholar, but in 1900 the family emigrated to the USA and settled in Albany, New York. While at public school and at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York, he helped the family finances by running errands, selling newspapers and singing the liturgy in the synagogue. After a short period as a messenger boy with the Commercial Cable Company, in 1906 he became an office boy with the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America (see G. Marconi). Having bought a telegraph instrument with his first earnings, he taught himself Morse code and was made a junior telegraph operator in 1907. The following year he became a wireless operator at Nantucket Island, then in 1909 he became Manager of the Marconi station at Sea Gate, New York. After two years at sea he returned to a shore job as wireless operator at the world's most powerful station at Wanamaker's store in Manhattan. There, on 14 April 1912, he picked up the distress signals from the sinking iner Titanic, remaining at his post for three days.Rewarded by rapid promotion (Chief Radio Inspector 1913, Contract Manager 1914, Assistant Traffic Manager 1915, Commercial Manager 1917) he proposed the introduction of commercial radio broadcasting, but this received little response. Consequently, in 1919 he took the job of Commercial Manager of the newly formed Radio Corporation of America (RCA), becoming General Manager in 1921, Vice- President in 1922, Executive Vice-President in 1929 and President in 1930. In 1921 he was responsible for the broadcasting of the Dempsey-Carpentier title-fight, as a result of which RCA sold $80 million worth of radio receivers in the following three years. In 1926 he formed the National Broadcasting Company (NBC). Rightly anticipating the development of television, in 1928 he inaugurated an experimental NBC television station and in 1939 demonstrated television at the New York World Fair. Because of his involvement with the provision of radio equipment for the armed services, he was made a lieutenant-colonel in the US Signal Corps Reserves in 1924, a full colonel in 1931 and, while serving as a communications consultant to General Eisenhower during the Second World War, Brigadier General in 1944.With the end of the war, RCA became a major manufacturer of television receivers and then invested greatly in the ultimately successful development of shadowmask tubes and receivers for colour television. Chairman and Chief Executive from 1934, Sarnoff held the former post until his retirement in 1970.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFrench Croix de Chevalier d'honneur 1935, Croix d'Officier 1940, Croix de Commandant 1947. Luxembourg Order of the Oaken Crown 1960. Japanese Order of the Rising Sun 1960. US Legion of Merit 1946. UN Citation 1949. French Union of Inventors Gold Medal 1954.KFSee also: Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma
См. также в других словарях:
Zworykin,Vladimir Kosma — Zwor·y·kin (zwôrʹĭ kĭn, zvôrʹyə ), Vladimir Kosma. 1889 1982. Russian born American physicist and inventor of the iconoscope (1923), the first practical television camera. * * * … Universalium
Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma — ▪ American engineer and inventor born July 30, 1889, Murom, Russia died July 29, 1982, Princeton, N.J., U.S. Russian born U.S. electronic engineer, inventor, and the father of modern television. After education at the St. Petersburg… … Universalium
Zworykin , Vladimir Kosma — (1889–1982) Russian–American physicist Born at Mouron in Russia, Zworykin studied electrical engineering at Petrograd (now St. Petersburg), graduating in 1912. During World War I he served as a radio officer in the Russian army. He moved to… … Scientists
Zworykin, Vladímir (Kosma) — (30 jul. 1889, Murom, Rusia–20 jul. 1982, Princeton, N.J., EE.UU.). Ingeniero electrónico e inventor estadounidense nacido en Rusia. Emigró a EE.UU. en 1919. Mientras trabajaba en Westinghouse Electric Corp. (1920–29), solicitó patentar su… … Enciclopedia Universal
Zworykin, Vladimir (Kosma) — born July 30, 1889, Murom, Russia died July 29, 1982, Princeton, N.J., U.S. Russian born U.S. electronic engineer and inventor. He immigrated to the U.S. in 1919. While with Westinghouse Electric Corp. (1920–29), he filed patent applications for… … Universalium
Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma — (Zvorykin) ► (1889 1982) Físico ruso. Inventó el iconoscopio y el cinescopio, con los que consiguió construir el primer sistema televisivo totalmente electrónico … Enciclopedia Universal
Vladimir Kosma Zworykin — Kyrillisch (Russisch) Владимир Козьмич Зворыкин Transl.: Vladimir Koz’mič Zvorykin … Deutsch Wikipedia
Vladimir Kosma Zworykin — Vladimir Zvorykine Vladimir Kozmitch Zvorykine (en russe : Владимир Козьмич Зворыкин) est un physicien et ingénieur russe, naturalisé américain en 1919 après la Révolution russe, né le 30 juillet 1889 à Mourom en Russie et décédé le 29… … Wikipédia en Français
Vladimir Kosma Zworykin — noun United States physicist who invented the iconoscope (1889 1982) • Syn: ↑Zworykin • Instance Hypernyms: ↑physicist … Useful english dictionary
Zworykin — Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma … Enciclopedia Universal
ZWORYKIN (V. K.) — ZWORYKIN VLADIMIR KOSMA (1889 1982) Ingénieur américain, d’origine russe, spécialiste de la radio électricité. Dès 1910, à l’Institut de technologie de Saint Pétersbourg, Vladimir Kosma Zworykin étudie, sous la direction de B. Rosing, une méthode … Encyclopédie Universelle